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The Use of Artificial Illuminants in Motion Picture Studios*
By Lloyd A. Jones
A complete treatment of the subject of lighting of motion picture studios requires a consideration of many factors and involves a knowledge of photometry, visual sensitometry, and photographic sensitometry. A large amount of the information necessary for the intelligent use of artificial illumination for photographic purposes is available in the literature, but in many cases this it not commonly known nor is the method of applying this information to practical problems well understood. It seems worth while, therefore, to treat the entire subject in a rather general and complete manner, to outline the fundamental relations between the various factors of the problem, to present some of the available information bearing on various phases of the subject, and to indicate methods of utilizing the available data in practical problems. Such a treatment, it is hoped, will be valuable not only as a summary of our present knowledge of the subject but also as a means of indicating the phases upon which additional experimental work and more complete quantitative data are desirable.
The treatment of the use of artificial illumination in the motion picture studio falls naturally into two main sub-divisions. The first includes a consideration of the characteristics of photographic materials and the response of these materials to the radiation of various intensities and qualities emitted by the light sources available. The second phase of the subject deals with the human eye, its characteristics and the possibility of injuries to any part of this organ resulting from either the excessive intensity or the quality of the radiation emitted by the sources used.
It is well known that two sources equal in visual intensity may differ enormously in their action upon the photographic plate. This follows from the fact that the photographic plate is sensitive to a spectral region, differing widely from that producing the visual sensation of light. If we consider a spectrum in which equal amounts of energy are radiated at each wavelength, it will be found that the wavelength producing the maximum visual sensation is approximately 550 ^/^, while the maximum response of the photographic plate occurs for a wave length of approximately 440 to 460 t^f^ Therefore, if the eye be used in judging the adequacy of illumination in the motion picture studio, serious errors may arise. It is of importance, therefore, to have available information as to the relative, visual and photographic efficiency of the illuminants which it is proposed to use for such work.
The judgment of the lighting effect in the motion picture studio
* Communication No. 135 from the Research Laboratory of the Eastman Kodak Co.
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