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is made by visual observation. Since the photographic plate is not sensitive to the same spectral region as the eye, the rendition of tone values by the photographic material may be entirely different from the visual appearance especially in the case of chromatic objects.
In considering the effect of radiation on the eye of a person working under studio conditions, the possible injurious effects may be, for convenience, classified as due to two causes. The first of these that will be considered are the actual injurious effects due essentially to the quality of the radiation, while the second class of deletrious effects may be considered to arise essentially from the use of excessive intensities. The first part of this power will be devoted, therefore, to a discussion of the characteristics of the photographic materials as related to the illumination and to the conditions under which they are used in the motion picture studio, while the latter part will deal with the possible harmful effects to the eyes of workers in these studios, which arise either from the use of radiation of harmful quality or from the use of excessive intensities.
Terminology, Nomenclature and Units
In dealing with this subject which involves the consideration of the characteristics and the inter-relations existing between the characteristics of light sources, photographic materials and the retina, it is of considerable importance to develop a logical system of terminology and units. Unless this is done a great deal of confusion will inevitably result when attempting to formulate expressions showing the relation between various factors involved. Attention has already been devoted to the definition of terms used in photometry and a satisfactory system of units has been agreed upon. The Illuminating Engineering Society, through their Committee on Nomenclature and Standards, has published several reports dealing with this subject and insofar as is possible the definitions and symbols used to indicate the various quantities as adopted by this Society will be adhered to in this treatment of the subject.^
In the scientific literature dealing with photographic research, certain symbols have been used for many years as abbreviations for expressing the various factors involved and in some cases a conflict with the symbols used in photometry occurs. When, therefore, photography and photometry are dealt with in the same paper it becomes necessary to depart to a certain extent from the common usage of one of these sub-divisions of science. The only satisfactory solution in such a case is to compromise and adopt a terminology which will eliminate the confusion which necessarily would result from the use of the same symbols for two different factors. In the case of photography but little attention has been paid to developing a logical system of nomenclature and units, and in the present paper some proposals of new units which it is hoped will be of material assistance in dealing with photographic factors will be made. In the following paragraphs the various terms involved in the treatment of the subject will be defined with the unit applicable in each case.
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