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film of standard size of perforation, so that it can be used in monochrome film in standard projection machines.
The obvious method of making sub tractive motion pictures would be to make three negatives, and to superpose the negatives upon each other in printing, recoating the film each time and using a dyed bichromate process or a process in which the silver image is made to mordant the dye and so is transformed into a color image. The recoating and re-registering, however, present very great difficulties in practice and would make the process very costly, and it appears likely that the subtractive processes of color cinematography will use only two printings; that is to say, they will be chiefly two-color processes, and these two printings may be either in the one emulsion layer, if this proves possible, or in two emulsion layers on opposite sides of double-coated film, a method which appears at the present time to offer considerable advantages in the direction of simplicity.
It is clear that since there are two sides to a film, it is possible to coat an emulsion on each side of the film and to print the red image on one side and the green on the other. This process has been worked out to a practical end in several ways, some of the color images being produced by the mordanting of a dye upon an image obtained by the conversion of the silver into some suitable substance or by the imbibition of a dye into the gelatine, or toning by chemical means to colored images.
The negatives are taken in a camera in such a way that red and green pictures are taken successively, one below the other (Fig. 19).
TWO COLOR TAKING CAMERA
Fig. 19. Diagram showing principle of Two-Color Taking Camera
This may be done as in the Kinemacolor process, using a rotating color filter, or in a camera fitted with some optical beam splitting device enabling two images to be produced from one standpoint, the disadvantage of this being the loss of light involved. From this strip of negative film, a master positive is made, and this is then printed by means of a special projection printer upon opposite sides of double-coated film (Fig. 20). In this projection printer, the red positive is projected onto one side of the film and simultaneously the green picture onto the other, the images being slightly displaced vertically
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