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40 Transactions of S.M.P.E., Vol. XIII, No. 37, 1929
be satisfactory to adopt 24 pictures a second as standard taking speed. The fact remains there are silent pictures, and whether or not it is advisable to supersede that definition or merely to specify the speed for sound pictures is the point on which I should like to have discussion.
Dr. Mees: I think it should be made clear that it applies only to 35 mm. film.
Mr. R. C. Hubbard: I don't quite see how we can change our standard completely without mentioning that it has reference to sound film. Certainly, camera men making occasional silent pictures are not turning at the rate of 24 pictures a second.
Mr. W. C. Cook: I should like to point out that there is still and likely to continue to be a considerable amount of industrial, educational, and other film taken for silent projection, and I think we should state specifically in the new standard that it is for sound film.
Mr. Taylor : If that is followed, what is thought about the other?
Mr. Jones : The fact that that standard is in a group adopted previous to the beginning of sound technique would indicate that it doesn't refer to sound pictures. It may be desirable in future reprints of our standards to specifically indicate that the 16 pictures per second refers to non-sound film. As a matter of fact, that speed of 16 pictures a second was not very rigidly in practice — it was departed from under certain conditions. In sound film, 24 pictures is rigidly definite and susceptible of standardization.
Mr. Ross : Is it not possible that in the future educational pictures will be accompanied by speech and in which case, they will be recorded at 24 frames a second and that for this reason, eventually all other pictures will come into this class?
Mr. Crabtree : Apparently, in the case of silent films a little speeding up of the action is often necessary, so that taking at 16 and projecting at a higher speed is satisfactory. In the case of the talkies any attempt to hurry along the dialogue is at once perceptible and objectionable.
Mr. Waller : I beg to contradict Mr. Crabtree. I have been ill dramatic studios most of my life, and it has been part of my job to watch the camera man. Directors have speeded up the