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78 Transactions of S.M.P.E., Vol. XIII, No, 37, 1929
A detailed historical review of sound-on-disc and sound-onfilm patents has been published which is of considerable interest in connection with the present extensive application of sound motion pictures.^^^
Actors, Scenarios, Sets. Although over 11,000 persons are registered at the Central Casting Bureau, Hollywood, only about 900 are employed daily/^^ Producers draw on this bureau for extra actors. The technical equipment and processes involved in making a picture from the scenario writer's view are clearly set forth by Carey Wilson.^^^ Nauman^^^ has demonstrated the value of reflecting power measurements for standardizing materials used in set construction. Pentagonal towers mounted on wheels permit rapid change of sets as five different scenes may be arranged.^^^ A simple apparatus for generating ammonium chloride gas fog effects has been described by Seeber.^^^ Crystallized hypo or sodium thiosulf ate has found a use as artificial ice for motion picture sets.^^'' It produces a dry, glossy surface, melting at 118°F. and scores under the pressure of a skate very much like ice.
C. Laboratory Practice
Equipment. Continuous negative developing machines have been installed by several laboratories. A typical machine has been described by Hunter.^^^ A compact, horizontal tray type of developing machine has been designed by Jamieson.^^^ A tube machine made in two sizes is being manufactured in Grermany.^^" Small, portable outfits for developing short lengths of standard film are available commercially,^^^ one of a reel and tank design, and another a spiral developing frame.
Motion picture films taken at the Republican Convention at Kansas City were developed in an airplane during a flight to New York City.132
A number of patents have been granted dealing principally with improvements in the design of continuous machines and with portable developing equipment.^^^
A description of the various types of voltage regulators for laboratory and studio service has been prepared by Byles.^^* A photometer for the precise measurement of low intensity, darkroom illumination has been devised by Jones and Lowry.^^^
Photographic Chemicals and Solutions. New information on