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12 BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE The purpose of this film is to explain to junior and senior high-school students in biology, general science, or physics the meaning of high- energy radiation and to show how this radiation is used in biological research. To accomplish its objective, this film briefly reviews light from the sun (wave radiation), radio waves, X rays, etc. It also touches on the various sources of radiation (X-ray machines, nuclear reactors, cosmic rays, the sun, etc.). Radioisotopes are defined, and their life is traced from production through their use as tools in the study of ra- diation damage. The effect of radiation on living cells is demonstrated by comparisons of plants grown from irradiated and nonirradiated seeds and of mice that had been irradiated with those that had not been irradiated. The film also shows the effects of radiation on bone mar- row, on the protective lining of the intestine, and on chromosomes (mu- tations). The use of radioisotopes to trace chemical processes in plants (the absorption of nutrients) is also covered. Autoradiographs are explained, and the function of a Geiger counter is outlined. The film was made under the technical direction of Dr. Harvey Patt, Di- vision of Biological and Medical Research at USAEC's Argonne Na- tional Laboratory (ANL), and photographed at ANL. RADIATION PROTECTION IN NUCLEAR MEDICINE (1962). 45 min- utes, color. Produced by Fordel Films, for the Bureau of Medicine and Sur- gery of the U. S. Navy. Sales inquiries should be directed to the Naval Photographic Center. This semitechnical film demonstrates the procedures devised for naval hospitals to protect against the gamma radiation emitted from mate- rials used in radiation therapy. However, its principles are applicable in all hospitals. The practices demonstrated are based on three prin- ciples established at the outset. The film explains the nature of gamma radiation relative to how time, distance, and shielding are used to pro- vide protection from its harmful effects. Time is considered in two ways: (1) the half life of the radioactive materials used; and, (2) the speed in handling them. The film shows the continuous application of these principles from the moment radioactive materials are received at a hospital, through their storage, their preparation for use, their therapeutic administration, the nursing care of radioactive patients, and the disposal of radioactive human waste. The film details the spe- cial techniques and equipment used in the handling of radium and ra- dioactive gold, iodine, and iridium as representing the variety of such materials that hospital personnel encounter and the consequent varia- tions in time, distance, and shielding employed as protection against them. The use of monitoring devices and the maintenance of records of their readings form a recurrent theme throughout the film. It makes the dual point that radiological-safety records are used (1) to provide immediate protection for hospital personnel; and, (2) as a basis on