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CHAPTER I
16-Mm Film and Its Relation to Other Sizes
Early History
About 50 years ago when Edison was getting his " peep-hole" Kinetoscope ready for the Chicago World's Fair of 1893, he chose 35-millimeters as the width for the film that he was going to use. The Kinetoscope, showing photographs in motion, was to be seen at the World's Fair for a nickel — and the nickel show which involved forty feet of film lasted all of 30 seconds. It is interesting to note that the 35-mm film used had substantially the same dimensions as the 35-mm film of today ; it had the customary rectangular-shaped sprocket holes, and there were, on each side of the film, four per frame. 35-mm film is today well standardized ; and 35-mm film made anywhere, when exposed in any camera made anywhere, and developed and printed in any equipment made anywhere, will project in any projector made anywhere in the world if the international standards that are in effect are observed.
International standardization of motion picture films and equipment, although informal at the very beginning, arose from a very natural desire of people to demand the widest potential use for any motion picture that might be made. Pioneers in various countries of the world used different film dimensions, but it was soon discovered by the showmen who bought the variegated machines that the different sizes were not interchangeable. Since Edison had produced most of the films, it was only natural for showmen to demand that their machines be capable of projecting Edison pictures. Thus, even prior to 1900 there was a strong demand for the standardization of film sizes that made itself strongly felt in the countries where the motion picture saw early and rapid growth — the United States, France, and England.
Quigley and Talbot reported that among those who bought Kinetoscopes were two Greek visitors from London, George Georgiades and George Trajedis; these men recognized the potentialities of the magic shadows. One was a green grocer, the other a toy maker; they saw an opportunity to make a fortune in England as showmen. The two Greeks acquired Edison machines in New York, brought them to London, and
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