16-mm sound motion pictures : a manual for the professional and the amateur (1953)

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FILM SIZE 3 As a result of this demonstration, Mr. Hollaman, manager of Eden Musee, signed a contract for its installation as a permanent feature. The motion picture industry owes much to the daring showmanship of Mr. Hollaman, since he was an outstanding pioneer in recognizing the possibilities of new motion picture equipment and films and in putting them into almost immediate commercial use. Unfortunately for the Lumieres, Kinetoscopes had been sold more generally than had at first been supposed — many of these by Paul. It seems that both Paul and the Lumieres were mutually unaware of each other 's activities, and the Lumieres were soon faced with a demand from their customers to alter their apparatus to accommodate the Edison film. When this was done, the first practical international (although informal) standardization of motion pictures was accomplished prior to 1900. After 1900* the motion picture grew very rapidly all over the world. It would seem that the strong public demand could not be long restricted to the very narrow channels that even farsighted and enterprising promoters and entrepreneurs had charted for it. To some extent history has repeated itself with 16-mm. Although it started as an amateur medium, it far outgrew its early swaddling clothes when it came into a real popularity with its extensive use as training and similar films devoted to military purposes. Film Size As the technology of the motion picture advanced from its enthusiastic yet humble beginnings, it was only natural to expect manufacturers of films and equipment to attempt to reduce costs to the point where films would be practicable for amateur and personal movies — enlarging the scope of motion pictures tremendously. One of the early stepsf taken to satisfy that desire was the manufacture of smaller film, * Early motion picture history is shrouded in a haze that is a combination of fact and fancy — with the latter predominating in the more popular works. Thanks are due to Mr. Terry Eamsaye of New Canaan, Connecticut, for his most generous suggestions in the location of reliable sources, and to Mr. E. F. Kerns of the Museum of Modern Art, 11 West 53rd Street, New York City, for his aid in locating the references cited at the end of this chapter. All references cited are to be found in the library of the Museum. An excellent source of accurate history is "Testimony of Witnesses for the Petitioners, in the District Court of the United States: The United States of America, petitioners, vs. Motion Picture Patents Company et al., defendants. t A much earlier small film that acquired popularity but has since disappeared is 28mm, sponsored by Willard B. Cook, an early pioneer. Home movie projectors were made by Pathescope (Cook) and Victor Animatograph ; reduction printers by Pathescope; raw film was made by Eastman.