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FILM DIMENSIONS 107
that manner; only a single row of sprocket holes is used for registration and propulsion. The space formerly occupied by the second row of sprocket holes now accommodates the sound track. A camera designed for sound film propels the film by means of a single row of sprocket holes, but can accommodate either single or double-perforated silent film as well.
Figure 8 is the current American Standard Z22. 5-1947 "Cutting and Perforating Dimensions for 16-Mm Silent Motion Picture Negative and Positive Raw Stock." Figure 9 is the current American Standard Z22.12-1947 "Cutting and Perforating Dimensions for 16-Mm Sound Motion Picture Negative and Positive Raw Stock." Note that all dimensions shown are identical, with the exception that the row of sprocket holes on the left side of the drawing is omitted.
Silent cameras manufactured a number of years ago often had dual claws (one on each side of the film) ; still other silent cameras had a single claw located on the wrong side of the film for sound motion picture film. Obviously, if single-perforated film is placed in cameras such as the latter, the sprocket teeth and other parts of the film-transport mechanism will tear the film on the sound track side. For this reason it is always wise to check a camera and its film carefully before loading. It is apparent that it is perfectly safe to thread a sound camera with silent film but it is not safe to thread a silent camera with sound film. NEVER turn on a motor switch of a camera without first turning the camera over by hand to make sure that it is properly threaded.
Basic Standards
There are several basic standards in 16-mm sound film that should be remembered by everyone concerned with 16-mm production or utilization.
(1) Frames per foot: 40 (Eef: ASA Z22.5 and Z22.12).
(0) Sound speed: 24 frames per second (Eef: ASA Z22.15 and Z22.16). The nominal equivalent is 36 feet per minute.
{3) Spacing between picture and corresponding sound: 26 frames (Eef: ASA Z22.16). This is the standard distance between the picture aperture in a 16-mm sound projector and the sound scanning beam. (Obviously this is the correct distance between picture and its corresponding sound on a release print. As the film is threaded in a projector, the sound on the film is nearer the head end of the film by the standard 26-frame interval.)
(d) Sound track measurement reference: all dimensions of sound track on a sound film are measured from the sound track edge (guided edge) of the film as a dimensional reference line. (See Fig. 10 — ASA Z22.41.)