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272 IX. SOUND-RECORDING EQUIPMENT AND ARRANGEMENT
lected frequencies, measuring the various outputs throughout the system. In most cases defective components will cause a noticeable (although not serious) change in response-frequency characteristic before actual breakdown or other serious interruption in service occurs. With suitable engineering personnel available, it is possible to check equipment still more thoroughly and to make routine noise and distortion measurements, as well as to make cross-modulation and square-wave tests and to correlate such tests with the subjective distortion produced. Processing as well as transmission defects can be detected, traced, and corrected, and performance improvements pointed out through such routine checking. Due to the absence of quality performance standards throughout 16-mm recording, processing, and reproducing, such continuous testing is imperative if consistent quality is to be obtained in all 16-mm prints.
It must be admitted frankly that channel checks have been very time consuming in the past and have cut severe inroads into very costly production time when they have been made. Where recording studios have been very busy and their managers much concerned with the operations costs (as most of them are), the natural result has been the infrequent use of channel checks — and then only at the insistence of the recording engineer for the purpose of avoiding equipment breakdown or other serious trouble. The inevitable result has been the gradual yet steady degradation of the quality of recorded sound and of prints considerably below the point to be expected with recording equipment of the design involved.
New test methods arising from radar and similar techniques are beginning to make their appearance, and equipment manufacturers would do well to embrace them by incorporating test provisions into their equipment to make it possible for an equipment operator to check a channel both thoroughly and quickly. One example of such techniques is embodied in the Clarkstan Sweep Frequency Transcription, a Vinylite disk record used for checking audio systems and components.* Two types
* There are two types of disk record cuts, lateral cut and vertical cut. Lateral cut is a type of record cut in which the groove depth and width are substantially constant, and the groove modulation is in the lateral plane of the record, appearing as "wiggles" in the helical trace of the recording groove. Vertical cut is a type of record cut — also known as ' ' hill-and-dale ' ' — in which the groove modulation is in the vertical plane of the record, appearing as variations in groove depth and groove width. In this type of cut there are no ' ' wiggles ' ' in the helical trace of the recording groove. Since the stylus used for cutting is essentially triangular in cross section, variations in depth of the groove cause variations in groove width.