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466 XIII. PEOJECTION AND PEOJECTOES
American War Standard reels of 800 ft. and larger. Bell and Howell and current Eastman Kodak reels can be relied upon to meet the essential requirements of the American War Standard Z52. 33-1945 (under revision).
In at least one model, Bell and Howell (Fig. 109) has attempted to circumvent takeup trouble by having an intermediate fabric belt drive between the main spring belt and the takeup spindle. As the amount of film on the takeup reel increases, the increase in weight of the film causes an increase in driving torque because of the increase in tension of the intermediate fabric belt. This form of takeup has been one of
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Fig. 109. Takeup arrangement of Utility model projector (Bell and Howell).
the most successful of the simple mechanical designs. A good takeup is one that does not subject a film to a tension greater than 5 ounces nor less than 2 ounces at any time when taking up with any reel from the 400-ft. size to the 2000-ft. size. Incidentally, a tension not greater than 3 ounces is desirable for the feed reel of a projector.
Sound Translation
Sound and Its Reproduction. The sound translating system of a 16-mm sound motion picture projector is located between the bottom of the picture gate and hold-back sprocket that feeds the film to the takeup reel. For practical purposes we may consider the translating system to be divided functionally into two main portions: (1) the sound transport system; and (2) the optical system and its associated amplifier and loudspeaker. A photoelectric cell located at the input of the amplifier con