16-mm sound motion pictures : a manual for the professional and the amateur (1953)

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SOUND TRANSLATION 469 Passable 16-mm performance can be considered twice the flutter limits mentioned above. Although most machines now in use will not come within this limit, many new machines of better grade such as Bell and Howell, Eastman and the DeVry Military Model can meet this requirement when new. Unfortunately, many projectors that are satisfactory when new suffer quick degradation in performance due to such very common causes as failures in the bearings of rollers and idler rollers. Fig. 111. Assembly of rigidly coupled film-driven drum to well-balanced flywheel (Ampro). Most film transport systems rely on the holdback sprocket to provide the driving force for the length of film between the intermittent sprocket and the holdback sprocket. One of the poorest transport systems in terms of flutter was that used in the old Victor Animatographs (Fig. 110) more than a decade ago which had a simple chromium-plated fixed gate over which the film was pulled as it passed the light beam from the exciter lamp. When the film was pulled over the fixed gate by the holdback sprocket, the gate friction never seemed to act twice in the same