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THE COLOR PROCESS 509
The Textile Color Card Association of America has taken the lead in recommending the use of standard names for colors used in the textile industry. The Association has not only selected suitable names for the colors but has also been analyzing each color spectrophotometrically. It is not uncommon for specifications to describe the colors of radio hookup wire insulation and of color coding of the resistance values of resistors used in radio equipment in terms of the Textile Color Card Association colors.
Mention must also be made of the influence of the graphic arts in color standardization, particularly the Offset Color Guide published by the International Printing Ink Division of the Interchemical Corporation. This guide contains over 100 separate test frames (of the same subject) and not only illustrates a large variety of color shades arranged according to dominant color, but also gives the specification for each illustration in terms of both the spectrophotometric and the Munsell color factors in accordance with ASA Standard Z44. This booklet represents a convenient and reliable source of color illustrations for color photographing and like tests. Mention must also be made at this point of the Three Monographs on Color published by the same company. These volumes are delightful in addition to being scientifically correct. They should be of interest to scientist and layman alike interested in color in any aspect.
Color Filter Criteria. One of the first items to be investigated is the transmission characteristics of the filters used. To the electrical engineer with communications experience, the mention of the word "filters" brings three questions to mind :
(1) What are the actual transmission characteristics in the pass band? (#) What are the attenuation rates at cutoff and at crossover, and where are the points of inflection located?
(5) What are the transmission " discontinuities ' ' and irregularities?
The concept of Q is so firmly established in the electrical engineer's mind that he would prefer to think of optical filters in the same manner. Although we have not yet learned how to design optical filters with knobs on them that will permit ready adjustment of their resistance, inductance, and capacitance equivalents, the electrical engineer is not stopped from thinking of their performance in such equivalent terms.
In the transmission of black-and-white films by television, gamma and brightness are controlled by knobs, and transmission may be changed from positive to negative by means of a switch. In the transmission of color films by television, not only are these switches and controls at hand,