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518 XIV. DUPLICATION OF TRI-PACK COLOR FILMS
nation level can hardly be overemphasized. At present, even when screen illumination is in the uppermost range found in practice, it is rarely within 20% of what might be called the optimum value. Because screen illumination is of such a low general order, film laboratories have often deliberately chosen to overexpose duplicates in printing by as much as one-third, thereby wiping out much detail and further aggravating an already serious condition of low resolving power. The magnitude of this effect can be roughly judged by comparing the detail and quality of a Technicolor picture projected in a neighborhood theater with the usual 16-mm projection of a Kodachrome duplicate. Such a comparison is reasonable; several Technicolor releases have been made from 16-mm Kodachrome originals. There are other factors, but these are beyond the scope of this chapter.
Although the method recommended by Eastman Kodak of duplicating Kodachrome is relatively simple and places the major part of the control burden upon the film manufacturer, it is imperative that the commercial laboratory accept its share of the control responsibility knowingly and willingly, and appreciate the importance of process control by applying its basic principles. The control of emulsion quality in manufacture and the control of color developing have reached such a high point that it is no longer possible to indiscriminately "pass the buck" to the film manufacturer if prints do not come up to expectations. We must first learn to control the single parameter of good monochrome successfully before we can expect to be successful with the 3 parameters of integral tri-pack duplication. This is a challenge to all concerned; a rapidly growing industry will be awarded as the prize to those who produce the best product at the lowest price.
Selected Bibliography
Wall, E. J., History of Three Color Photography. Am. Phot. Pub. Co., Boston, 1925.
Friedman, J. S., History of Color Photography. Am. Phot. Pub. Co., Boston, 1944.
Hardy, A. C, Handbook of Color Analysis. Technical Press, Cambridge, 1936.
Evans, R. M., An Introduction to Color. Wiley, New York, 1948.
Wright, W. D., Measurement of Colour.
Bouma, P. J., Physical Aspects of Colour. Philips Research Laboratories, Eindhoven, 1949.
Weigert, Optische Methoden der Chemie. Akad. Verlagsgesellschaft, Leipzig, 1924.
Gibb, Optical Methods of Chemical Analysis. McGraw-Hill, New York, 1942.
Weissberger, (ed.) Physical Methods of Organic Chemistry. New York, Interscience, 1949.