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INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS 529
Employee Advancement. In progressive organization it is a cardinal principle of management that anything that increases the intrinsic value of an employee automatically increases his value to the company. In line with this management principle is the organization principle that a man who fills a particular position should gradually acquire wider and wider experience in the work of the position directly above him. In this manner each man in the organization is progressively relieved of more and more routine work by capable, trained assistants. This condition makes for organization flexibility in that it not only makes possible the replacement of personnel losses resulting from ordinary causes such as sickness and death and the usual labor turnover, but also the replenishment and even expansion of personnel required by market and product expansion, or by emergency causes of whatever nature.
In employee training for advancement, as well as in job technic instruction, the 16-mm sound motion picture finds a logical application. The initial source of basic film material may be film produced for other purposes but edited into an appropriate version, or it may preferably be a film made especially for the purpose. Inasmuch as employee advancement must ordinarily be carried on outside of regular business hours and in addition to the usual duties and routine of the employee concerned, it is doubly important that a wide range of essentials be covered in the most effective and the most efficient manner. Sound-films offer a means of greatly reducing the time allotments for the presentation of facts without sacrificing the quality of instruction.
In almost every broad generalization concerning films, some notable exceptions to the general rule can usually be found. In the field of training films, one such exception is the work of the Photographic Section of the U. S. Army Signal Corps, over a decade ago. In attacking this film problem with its characteristic thoroughness, the Army found that no deviations from the fundamental rules governing training-film production can be tolerated. Each film must be specifically prepared for a particular audience and every effort made to avoid entertainment features or to produce a film suited to what is often called ' ' the general audience. ' ' A number of papers on the subject of the Army training film program were presented to the Society of Motion Picture Engineers and all are worthy of very thorough study by anyone concerned with personnel training. The Army, Navy, and Air Forces demonstration films shown before the Society prove that the practical development of the training film has reached an advanced stage quite beyond anything done elsewhere on a scale of appreciable scope.