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530 XV. INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS
The second notable exception is best described in an announcement (Feb. 10, 1939) from the Harvard Film Service of the Biological Laboratories of Harvard University concerning film material for the improvement of reading.
The Harvard Film Service in cooperation with the Psycho-Educational Clinic, Harvard University, announces a new type of film material for the improvement of reading.
In brief, these films consist of reading material so presented that successive phrases of the separate lines are exposed rapidly across and down the screen. The film serves as a 'pacer' and the pupil is stimulated to keep up with the rate of exposure. As the training progresses, selections with longer and longer lines are presented thereby gradually increasing the eye span.
During the first half of the current academic year, these films were tested out in an experiment on a group of slow readers among Harvard freshmen. The group met for a 45-minute training period three times a week for eight weeks. The results were as follows: at the close of the experiment, the trained group averaged gains of 41 percentiles on a speed-of -reading test (the Minnesota Speed-of -Reading Test for College Students) and of 24 percentiles on a test of accuracy of reading (Whipple's High-School and College Reading Test) in excess of those made by a non-trained control group. When measured in terms of a difference between initial and final eyemovement records, the average gain in rate of reading of the former was 52 per cent. An analysis of these records in terms of individual measures showed that the average number of fixations per line was reduced from 10.8 to 6.5; the average number of regressions from 1.6 to 0.5.
This material is designed to be run at silent speed (16 frames per second) on any 16-mm projector. It may be used for a single pupil or for a group and requires only a semi-darkened room. Twenty selections averaging 125 feet each, adapted to the senior-high and college levels, together with a teacher's manual and a set of comprehension tests for each film, will be ready for release on March first. . . . Although a smaller number of films may be purchased, the best results will be secured when the complete series for any given level are used. By April first, in time for a two months ' training period this year, we shall have ready for release thirty selections for Grades 3 to 5 ; by next September, a third set for Grades 6 to 9.
Life is daily becoming more complex not only in its social and economic aspects but also in its business aspects. It is imperative that our training methods become more effective from the standpoint of saving time and improving quality of instruction. In addition, training of everincreasing scope must be made available to an ever-expanding group of our trained citizens. Business has already shown an eager interest in the development, and if present indications can be relied upon, it should not be very long before we shall be hearing of further experimental results of applied programs of internal training development such as is now suggested.