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536 XVI. TELEVISION AND FILM
synchronized with the picture film. Eastman Kodak and others have developed 16-mm picture cameras that are being used for this purpose.
Films may be used at the receiving end to obtain a bright, largescreen picture that cannot be obtained directly with television equipment without excessive geometric distortion, if at all. The technique consists of photographing the face of a picture receiving tube, developing the film, and projecting the film in a conventional motion picture projector. Dumont (affiliated with Paramount) has used this technique for showing a prizefight in a motion picture theater.
The most obvious is the use of motion picture films made for motion picture purposes. Films may be either 35-mm or 16-mm ; the latter seems to be the more common.
Artistic Relations of Television and Motion Pictures
If television is thought of as a newly developed art form, it is reasonable to expect it to draw upon all prior art forms. The motion picture draws upon the art of painting and static representation as found in still pictures, adding the representations of movement that are the peculiar province of the motion picture. Television likewise draws upon the experience of both ; and since its equipment provides the possibility of readily obtaining many dramatic technical effects very quickly and very easily, it is often limited more by the physical coordination of the operators rather than by the amount of time necessary to produce the effect. There seems little doubt that in future each medium will learn from the other.
If television is thought of merely as a means of transmission, we are reminded that television, like the motion picture, is ''the application of engineering equipment to an art. ' ' The equipment is merely the tool of the artist; if the tool is good and "easy to use," the artist is little hampered in his self-expression. Unfortunately, there are other kinds of tools; some are good yet "hard to use," some are poor and "easy to use," still others are poor and "hard to use." Each condition places a different kind and amount of restraint upon the artist seeking self-expression.
From the point of view of the audience seeing the show, the backstage mechanics and props that produce the illusion become better as they become more and more subordinated to the subject matter being portrayed. Ideally, their existence should be quite unnoticed. If two pictures are of equal size and quality, one transmitted by television and the other projected as a motion picture, it makes little difference to the