16-mm sound motion pictures : a manual for the professional and the amateur (1953)

APPENDIX A (asa z 22. 56-1947) Nomenclature for Motion Picture Film Used in Studios and Processing Laboratories 1. General 1.1 Motion Picture Film. Motion picture film is a thin flexible ribbon of transparent material having perforations along one or both edges and bearing a sensitized layer or other coating capable of producing photographic images. Note: The term "film" may be applied to unexposed film, to exposed but unprocessed film, and to exposed and processed film. 1.1.1 Rate Stock. Raw stock is film which has not been exposed or processed. 1.1.2 Film Base. Film base is the transparent or nearly transparent material upon which a photographic emulsion is coated; namely, the support for the emulsion in photographic film. Notk: All 35-mm film is usually understood to be a flammable base (nitrate), unless otherwise specified. 1.1.2.1 Safety Base. Safety base is the slow burning film base used in motion picture film. Note: At the present time, safety base and acetate base are synonymous and 16mm film manufactured in the United State is of this form. All safety base must comply with American Standard Definition for Motion Picture Safely Tilm,Z22.31-1946. 1.1.3 Film Perforations. Film perforations are the regularly and accurately spaced holes that are punched throughout the length of motion picture film. These holes are engaged by the teeth of various sprockets and pins by which the film is propelled and positioned as it travels through cameras, processing machines, projectors, and other film machinery. 1.1.3.1 35-Mm Negative Perforation. A 35-mm negative perforation is the perforation used for negative and some special-purpose 35-mm films. Note: It is a perforation with sharp corners, curved sides and a straight top and bottom, and its dimensions are as shown in American Standard for Cutting and Perforating Negative Raw Stock, Z22.34-1944 or latest revision thereof. 1.1.3.2 35-Mm Positive Perforation. A 35-mm positive perforation is the perforation used for positive 35-mm film. Note: This perforation is rectangular in shape with fillets in the corners, and its dimensions are as shown in American Standard for Cutting and Perforating Dimensions for 35-Millimeter Motion Picture Positive Raw Stock. Z22.36-1947, or the latest revision thereol. 1.1.3.3 16-Mm Perforation. A 16-mm perforation is the perforation which is used in all 16mm film. Note: This perforation is rectangular in shape with fillets in the corners, and its dimensions are as shown in American Standard for Cutting and Perforating Dimensions for 16-Millimeter Sound Motion Pictures Negative and Positive Raw Stock, Z22.12-1947, or the latest revision thereof. 1.1.4 Fine-Grain. Fine-grain is the term used to designate film emulsions in which the grain size is smaller or finer than in the older type emulsions commonly employed prior to about 1936. Note: This term is relative as there is a wide variation in grain size among various fine-grain films. It is probable that the term will become obsolete when all film emulsions become fine grain. There is no inverse term such as coarse grain. 1.2 Direct Play-Back Positive. A direct playback positive is a sound film which is so originally exposed that upon development in a single developer bath, the resulting image is in positive form available for normal sound reproduction. Note: It is often a variable-area sound record. 1.3 Dupe (Duplicate) Negative. A dupe (duplicate) negative is a negative film that is produced by printing from a positive. Note: A dupe negative is used for producing prints which are, in effect, duplicates of prints which might be made from the original negative. 1.3.1 Temporary Picture Dupe Negative. A temporary picture dupe negative is a low-quality dupe negative and is made on positive stock. Note: It is used to make low-quality prints for use in editing. It usually contains picture only, but may also have the sound track on the same film. 547