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TAKING THE PICTURE 13
The Camera Motor. The camera is usually driven by a alternatimr-current motor that drives the camera with little on »g
cant speed variation.
Speed variation of the camera would result in an inaccurately exposed film where the image density or blackness would not be uniform from one frame of the film to another.
Tin Camera Tripod. To avoid a "jiggling" picture, the camera must
be mounted od a camera tripod. This is merely a very steady threelegged stand on which the camera r sts Since the magnification of the picture increases with an increase in the focal length of the camera objective lens used, the tripod should be increasingly steadier when lenses of longer focal length are used if the same amount of "picture jiggle" is to be tolerated. When lenses of 4 inches and longer focal length are used, the tripod should be very rigid and steady. A gyro-head tripod makes smooth lateral movement (called "panning") and smooth tilting | ss ble : this type of tripod is very widely used for newsreel and similar pictures. For studio-made pictures a simpler friction-head type is usually used because the gyro head is too noisy indoors when sound is being recorded. The noise is produced by the gyroscope gear train during panning and tilting.
Film for the Picture. The film to be used in the camera is made in rolls of standard lengths of 50. 100. 200, and 400 ft. The film is placed in a light-tight compartment known as a magazine. When the camera is running, the film leaves the feed spool of the magazine, goes thr the camera, and returns to the magazine on the take-up spool. A single magazine usually has the feed and take-up compartments within a single housing.
The film for the 16-mm motion-picture camera is customarily either black-and-white reversal or color reversal. After a reversal film is exposed in the camera, it is usually developed in a laboratory owne provided by the film manufacturer. The sale price of the reversal film customarily includes the cost of developing. When developed, a reversal film has the highlights and shadows in proper relationship for the scene photographed, and not interchanged as they are in the negative of film used for a still camera.
Recording the Sound
Simultaneity. Sound may be recorded either at the same time that the picture is taken or at some other time. With the exception of Holly