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56 III. 16-MM FILM AND ITS CHARACTERISTICS
reference recording arrangements are capable of providing a film with either a negative or a positive image aspect with processing in a single positive bath. The use of a material of 150 lines per mm resolving power in a suitable manner does much to limit the image degredation that occurs in the transfer of the image from the electrical television system to the fixed image on a film.
Television film procedures are in a state of flux, and methods have not become sufficiently stabilized commercially to warrant detailed description. Users who are concerned would do well to keep in close touch with the professional film departments of film manufacturers if they wish to be kept abreast currently of the rapid changes in this dynamic field.
Since 1952 there has been a marked increase in the use of color negative-color positive materials. Although color negative, color positive, separation positive, color dupe negative and color reversal internegative materials are available for 35-mm film, only color positive film has been widely available in 16-mm. As manufacturing and processing control improves, such materials will become available in the 16-mm width.
General Comments on Available Films Film emulsions are today of good and consistent quality. Their freedom from dirt and other occluded extraneous matter is remarkable ; almost all the dirt and foreign matter found on today's films are acquired during developing and use. Not only is improvement in the film itself desirable, but also improvement in the processing, so that a much greater percentage of the quality potential will be realized. Much progress can be made in improving print quality if the characteristics of films are studied and processes of exposure and development accurately controlled to make best use of the quality potential of the films used.
Selected References 1 1 Photography ' ', Encyclopedia Americana, Vol. 22, 1-7 (1947). Mees, C. E. K., The Theory of the Photographic Process. Macmillan, New York,
1944. James and Higgins, Fundamentals of Photographic Theory. Wiley, New York, 1948. Roebuck and Staehle, Photography Its Science and Practice. Appleton-Century,
New York, 1942. Clark, W., " Cellulose — Photographic Film", Dictionary of Applied Photograph y.
Vol. 2,4th eel., p. 446 (1938). Matthews, G. E., "Chemistry of Photography/5 The Complete Photographer, Issue 11,
pp. 702-718 (1941). Corbin, Simmons, and Hyndman, "Two New Eastman Fine-Grain Sound Recording
Films," JSMPE, 45, 265 (Oct. 1945).