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THE SOUXD ORIGINAL 85
equipment characteristics with production and laboratory procedures had been a pressing problem. It was fortunate that this reservoir of knowledge and experience in coordination was available because it played an important role in the rapid formulation and adoption of a large number of war standards. It is also interesting to note that before World War II, the larger sound equipment manufacturers such as RCA and "Western Electric — who had been responsible for many advances in 35-mm recording — did not take an active part in the intensive development of 16-mm recording.
When 16-mm sound-recording equipment was first manufactured, the quality of release prints made from originals produced by such equipment was so inconsistent and unreliable that it proved a serious handicap to equipment sales. There was one obvious solution : technological control of laboratory processing operations as an integral part of film production operations. This could only be accomplished by having processing laboratories and equipment manufacturers combining forces. In effect, the manufacturer of 16-mm equipment was required to guarantee not only the performance of the production equipment itself, but also the end product resulting from its operation. It was under such conditions that variable-area sound recording came into widespread use in direct 16-mm almost to the exclusion of variable density.
Present Status of 16-Mm VariableArea Sound Since 16-mm film has a linear speed of only 36 feet per minute as compared with 90 feet per minute for 35-mm every precaution must be observed to maintain the maximum resolving power practicable in order to provide release prints of satisfactory quality. Conventional 35-mm ordinary positive film emulsions show inferior resolving power; an increase in resolving power in the ratio of the linear film speeds (90/36) is necessary to maintain comparable performance.
The first film on the market that approached this design objective was Agfa 250 (later known as Ansco 2250) .* This is a film with a yellowdyed emulsion of appreciably higher resolving power than the ordinary positive previously used ; it is coated on a clear base. To take maximum advantage of the emulsion sensitizing, a blue filter (Jena BG-12), is used in the light beam of the optical system of the recording machine. This film was suitable not only for sound negatives but also for sound prints
* This film has since been discontinued as a stock item.