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EMULSION POSITIONS OF PRINTS 139
16-mm sound prints may be produced by a wide variety of methods. One possible classification is as follows :
Class 1— Film Width of the Original.
1. Both originals on 35-mm.
2. Both originals on 16-mm.
3. A combination of 35-mm and 16-mm.
a. 35-mm picture with 16-mm sound track.
b. 16-mm picture with 35-mm sound track.
c. Both widths of picture with one or both widths of sound track.
Blowups (enlargements) of picture from 8-mm to 16-mm are quite common already ; it is possible that these will become quite important in the future.
Class 2 — Sound Recording Processes.
1. Variable density — Full width, squeeze, push-pull class A, class B, class A-B (with or without noise reduction).
2. Variable area — unilateral, bilateral, duplex, push-pull class A, class B, class A-B multiple (with or without noise reduction).
3. Combinations of variable area and variable density (not in wide use except for squeeze).
Class 3 — Film Processing Methods.
1. Negative-positive processing (where the tonal aspect of the image is inverted in printing). 2 films — 2 developer baths.
2. Second exposure or reversal processing (where the tonal aspect of the image is inverted in developing) a single film — 2 developer baths.
3. Single exposure direct-positive processing (where the image is inverted optically or electrically). 1 film — 1 developer bath.
Combinations of these classes are not at all uncommon ; they are likely to become even more common in the future. Standards, when approved, should be comprehensive and encompass any reasonable combination of any or all of the preceding film widths, processes, and methods. Of greatest importance at the present time are the following :
(1) Reduction of 35-mm films — both picture and sound — to 16-mm.
{2 ) Combinations of a 16-mm original with a 35-mm original such as (a) Kodachrome 16-mm picture and 35-mm sound track and (b) 35-mm picture negative with 16-mm sound track.
(3) Direct 16-mm with picture original a negative, reversal, or color positive with sound original a negative or direct positive.
Emulsion Positions of Prints and How They Occur
There is no doubt that matters would be greatly simplified for film users if all 16-mm prints manufactured had but a single emulsion position. Unfortunately this is easier said than done. For the present