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]54 VII. CAMERAS, CAMERA EQUIPMENT, CINEMATOGRAPHY
question is asked in response, "What do you wish to photograph with the camera you propose to purchase?"
Several factors must be given consideration in purchasing a camera ; it must be remembered that every camera built has been designed as an engineering compromise of a large number of contributing factors, not the least important of which was cost. For the "average" situation, it is likely that neither the cheapest nor the most expensive camera is best suited to the work to be done. It is quite possible that no single camera can accomplish all that is desired ; several may be needed to photograph the desired film or films. Should high-speed photography be needed for a desired film, possibly none of the cameras mentioned would be suitable, and it would be necessary to use either a Western Electric highspeed Fastax camera, an Eastman high-speed camera, or even one of the Edgerton flashing-light cameras made by the General Radio Company of Cambridge, Mass.
The Mechanism
A camera is a mechanism for photographing motion pictures, consisting of a film-transport system that moves film: (a) from a feed spool; (&) to a feed sprocket (which may be a combination sprocket) ; (c) thence by means of a loop to the picture gate where it is propelled by the camera movement; (d) thence by means of a second loop to a takeup sprocket (which may be combined with the feed sprocket) ; and (e) finally to a takeup spool.
In the usual cameras, a rotating disc shutter is synchronized with the film movement to admit light from the camera lens to the film while the film is stationary in the film gate ; the shutter cuts off the light when the film is being transported past the film gate. The shutter opening may be fixed or adjustable.
Camera Adjuncts
For convenience in operation, a camera has a number of other adjuncts— some essential, some optional. These include :
(1) A means of film propulsion — a spring motor, an electric motor, a hand crank. {2) A film housing called a magazine that holds both feed and takeup spools.
(3) Some form of film-footage meter, oftentimes measuring in feet and frames, showing how much film remains unused in the camera, and/or how much film has been run through the camera.
(4) A finder mounted near the optical axis of the camera so that the action being photographed may be watched. (The field covered by the photographing lens should