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PRINT QUALITY 359
if the original was of excellent quality and if fine-grain films are used under optimal conditions; good print quality cannot be obtained if there is carelessness or poor control. The importance of control is especially important in making third generation color prints ; it must be quite precise to obtain satisfactory prints. Not only is the resolving power of color film appreciably less than that of the black-and-white film, but also the human eye has greater sensitivity to small color differences than it has to small intensity differences. Since the only step in the print-making process under the control of the commercial laboratory is the exposure of the copy, every step must be taken to reduce resolving power losses in color printing to a minimum and to obtain accurate exposure control both as to intensity and as to chromatic quality. Good, or even acceptable, third generation color prints are quite rare. Where they are obtained, good control has been exercised, and in all likelihood the colors to be differentiated are well separated in the spectrum, and located somewhat centrally in the three color band ranges.
If the duplicating process is not under very close day-to-day control, it may not be possible to produce satisfactory third generation prints. Should this be the case, it would then be necessary to make all the prints desired at one time for the yearly period, storing the original for the remainder of the year under proper conditions as soon as printing is completed.
Number of Copies from an Original
Before determining the number of copies that can be made from any particular original, it is well to review what determines the end point in the life of an original film, and how it is affected by printing or other copying procedures.
One of the sources of film deterioration is the deterioration that will occur while the film lies unused on the shelf. This deterioration, although cumulative, is very slow with present-day safety films that have been stored properly. The major source of deterioration of a film in constant demand and use is wear and tear that results from handling. This is the important source in the average case in which a large number of prints is required.
When a film is handled for editing and splicing, it acquires minute scratches and abrasions that are likely to be serious if the film has been handled carelessly. In addition, every time the film is removed from its can for printing it acquires further scratches and abrasions.