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PROCESSING AND RELEASE PRINTING 365
printer, and for the removal of inspected rolls of printed and developed film from the inspection projector. This kind of operation is common in the larger laboratories. Some of its features are now being adapted to high-speed 16-mm release printing.
To increase machine output for the purpose of cutting printing costs still further, one laboratory has built within its own organization special multihead printers. One such machine causes the preprint film to run successively through 7 different printing heads, at each of which a roll of raw stock is printed; thus 7 prints are exposed in a single trip of the preprint material through the printing machine.
Another expedient employed by the same laboratory is to make two combined 16-mm dupe negatives side-by-side on the same film, using the 32-mm width to make a 32-mm release print. After the print comes off the developing machine the 32-mm film is slit, providing two 16-mm prints with the handling of but a single strip of film during the 32-mm portions of the manufacturing process.
The trend in this direction is being accelerated by the relatively great increase in film laboratory wages that has taken place in the last decade. The price of release print raw stock for black-and-white printing has changed relatively little during the last decade; more recently, prices have moved upward. As competition tends to drive down print prices, it is obvious that the saving must be made by sharply cutting the manhours of labor needed to produce release prints. 16-mm release prints in bulk are now sold at lower prices than those of a decade ago despite the large increases in labor cost and relatively smaller increases in the costs of film, chemicals, electric power, water, and machinery. The effectiveness of the improved production efficiency due to methods and equipment improvements, can hardly be challenged.
Because of the large number of operations that must be performed in the making of a release print, it is imperative that manual handling be reduced to an absolute minimum. This has reached the point where price differences reflect strongly the amount of "can-carrying" or other internal manual transport that goes on inside the laboratory.
Since laboratories are so cost-conscious, it is obvious that a film must be completely and meticulously prepared for developing and printing before it enters the release-printing operation proper. Errors must be eliminated beforehand, because once the film is on its way, it becomes almost impossible to catch an error, because of the speed with which laboratory mechanical operations are performed. Thus, if a film has started