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390 XII. PROCESSING AND RELEASE PRINTING
other organizations; although the performance of. projectors with regard to flutter has been materially improved, there is still no consensus of opinion in favor of non-slip printers for 16-mm. Figure 98 is a sketch of the film path for a non-slip printer.
Optical One-to-One Sound Printer. In an attempt to reduce the losses in sound printing and to improve film motion to minimize flutter, J. A. Maurer, Inc.* has been manufacturing a projection sound printer. With this form of printer it is possible to adjust the optics readily in order to focus on either surface of the image film. Prints of either emulsion position can be produced. The machine as manufactured for a decade has been able to provide sufficient illumination to expose fine-grain film (90 lines per millimeter) at a speed of 72 ft. per minute through the customary blue-violet filters with only a 32 c.p. automobile-type headlamp as a
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Fig. 98. Sketch of the film path of a non-slip printer.
light source. This fundamentally good mechanism has recently been redesigned and now not only provides appreciably better film motion than its predecessor, but also has improved color correction of its optical system that is essential for obtaining good resolving power in the red end of the spectrum when heterochromatic exposure is used for present-day integral tri-pack and similar color films.
Since the optical one-to-one printer provides a separate film travel path for each of the films being printed, it is possible to adjust each path for the average shrinkage of the films run in that path. Thus, the path of the machine that runs the image-bearing film can be set for the somewhat greater average shrinkage of such films than the side of the machine that runs the raw stock. The translation points of both the image-bearing film and of the raw stock are ordinarily in fixed relationship to one another because there is a common shaft or equivalent arrangement sup
* Maurer, J. A., "Optical Sound-Track Printing," JSMPE, 50, 458 (May 1948).