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cine safety film. The reason is that the 35mm. film is made on a nitrate base; the amateur film on an acetate base. The running time of this film at the average projection speed of 16 frames per second is 16 minutes. The film is approximately 1% inches wide. ADVANTAGES OF 16 MILLIMETER SIZE—To run 16 min- utes of 16mm. amateur standard film, only 400 feet of film are required. The reason is obvious. Sixteen millimeter film is only one-third as wide as 35mm. or % of an inch. Shortening the width also shortens the depth so that while 35mm. film has 16 frames to the foot, 16mm. has 40 frames to the foot. Multiply 400 feet by 2% and you have the equiva- lent of 1,000 feet of 35mm. film. The running time of 400 feet of 16mm. film likewise is 16 minutes when projected at a speed of 16 frames per second. The Pathex 9%mm. film reduces considerably the amount of film needed to obtain the same projection time, but it is an odd size. It is very popular in Europe, however. Special camera and projector are needed for this size film. 8 MILLIMETER WIDTH —The 8mm. film, on the other hand, is half the amateur standard width, but needs only one- fourth the amount of 16mm. film to run for 16 minutes, or 100 feet. A comparison of the 16mm. frame size and the 8mm. size shown in the frontispiece will easily fix this in your mind. While 8mm. cuts the frame width of 16mm. in half, it also cuts the frame depth in half. In other words, one frame of 16mm. is equivalent to four frames of 8mm. By an ingenious arrangement in the 8mm. camera, regular 16mm. film is used in 25-foot lengths, doubly perforated. Only one half the width of the 16mm. film is exposed. When the 25 feet have been run through the camera, the film is reversed and sent through the camera again, this time the other half of the 16mm. film being exposed. When the film is processed, it is slit down the middle and the two pieces spliced. It is returned to the movie maker as a 50-foot length of 8mm. film and when projected runs just as long as a 100- foot roll of 16mm. film, or four minutes. It has but one row of perforations. 10