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takes and gives the procedure for avoiding them in his next effort. The list of troubles and means of correcting them follows: 1. Scenes under-exposed—appear too dark; too small diaphragm stop or insufficient light used. 2. Scenes over-exposed—appear too light: too large a stop or excessive amount of light used. 3. The beginning of film fogged—appears clear: too much of the protective leader unwound at time of loading camera. 4. The end of film fogged—appears clear; camera opened before protective trailer wound around exposed film. 5. Film edge-fogged—edges appear clear: camera loaded or spool handled in direct brilliant light. 6. Some scenes indicate camera was moved too rapidly. 7. Film is scratched, foreign matter accumulated on film- gate; focal plane, sprocket guides or other parts of camera touching film. 8. Frame lines of pictures are dirty; aperture (aperture border) of camera dirty. 9. Scenes show reflections: pictures taken with lens pointing directly to source of light. 10. Film unsharp: ordinarily due to inaccurate focusing or lens not tightly screwed in its seat, or covered with dirt or moisture. 11. Film shows continuous blur, “ghost” or double image: film moved while shutter was open. Film improperly threaded into camera, imperfection in claw or shutter move- ment, or particles of dirt in film-gate. 12. Black area in frames: finger or object in front of lens at time of exposure, obstructing its view. 13. Pictures unsteady: hand-crank camera used without support or taken from moving vehicle. 14. Film shows static: film dried out while in camera or during storage in unusually dry atmosphere. 15. Film wholly unsharp and under-exposed: threaded into the camera with red side of paper leader (black shiny side film in the case of film without paper leader) to lens instead of black side (dull side of film), and consequently the ex- posure was made through the base, causing corresponding unsharpness and under-exposure in the pictures. 17