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THE CHEMICAL ACTION OF LIGHT 50
This gas, ozone, has a much more oxidizing or rusting effect than common oxygen.
Ozone is also formed by the action of light. If oil of turpentine be poured into a large bottle containing air, and agitated violently in the sunlight, ozone is formed.
Action of Light upon the Halogens. — Equally peculiar are the changes experienced in sunlight by two other elements, chlorine and bromine.
Chlorine is a yellowish-green gas, with a disagreeable smell, distinguished by its properties of bleaching coloured stuffs and destroying infectious matter. Bromine is a substance very similar to chlorine > but it exists in a fluid not in a gaseous state at ordinary temperatures, though it can be easily vaporized, and then appears as a brownishred gas.
Both chlorine and bromine as well as compounds containing these elements show a peculiar behaviour towards light.
Chlorine gas behaves in a peculiar manner with hydrogen.
If this combustible gas is mixed with chlorine, and the mixture is exposed to the sunlight, an explosion takes place. This accompanies the chemical combination of chlorine and hydrogen to form a new body — hydrochloric acid — having no resemblance to chlorine or to hydrogen. This acid is of a sour taste, very soluble in water, does not bleach like chlorine, and is not combustible.
Another element — iodine — is very closely related to chlorine and bromine. It is a solid, appearing in the form of shining black crystals, and giving when heated a wonderful violet vapour.
The Halogen Compounds of Silver. — Iodine, bromine, and chlorine unite with metals, forming the iodides, bromides, and chlorides of the metals. Common salt is one of the best known combinations of this kind, consisting of chlorine and sodium. Sodium is a metal not employed