The advance of photography : its history and modern applications (1911)

Record Details:

Title:
The advance of photography : its history and modern applications
Date:
1911
Publisher:
London : K. Paul, Trench, Trübner & Co., Ltd.
Volume:
The advance of photography : its history and modern applications
Leaf #:
000128
Language:
English
Subjects:
Motion Pictures, Motion pictures--Technology
Collection:
Books
Format:
Books
Contributor:
Media History Digital Library
Sponsor:
Media History Digital Library
Coordinator:
Media History Digital Library
Description:
Date Added:
November 02, 2023
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LENSES Fig. 23. Refraction. — We have already pointed out that when a ray of light passes the border of two transparent media of unequal density, a change of direction takes place which is called refraction. If a small coin is placed in an opaque cup, and the eye be kept in such a position that the edge of the vessel just conceals the coin, it becomes visible on pouring water into the cup, and this takes place by the refraction which the rays experience in passing from the water to the air. (See fig. 23.) The angle which the rays are bent out of their original course by the refraction is called the deflection. This deflection increases in proportion to the obliqueness with which the rays fall upon the surface of the water. In order to determine exactly the degree of the refraction, let a line be conceived to be drawn at right angles to the surface through the point of immersion n of the ray n I (fig. 24). This line is called the normal, and the angle i which the ray forms with this normal is called the angle of incidence, Avhile the angle r which the refracted ray forms with the same normal is called the angle of refraction. The ratio of the magnitude of the angle of incidence to the angle of refraction is peculiar. If a circle be described with centre n, and from the points a and b perpendicular lines a d and b f are let fall on the normal, the Fig. 24. 104