The advance of photography : its history and modern applications (1911)

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110 THE ADVANCE OF PHOTOGEAPHY with the manner in which the rays of light are affected when made to pass through a simple thick lens. Spherical Aberration. — We have assumed that when rays of light are parallel and pass through a converging lens they all come to a focus at one point on the principal axis of the lens ; such is very far from being the case ; ! Fig. 33. unless the aperture, i.e. the angle made by joining its edges to the principal focus of the lens, is very small. The smaller the angle of a prism the less is any ray of light deflected in passing through it, and a reference to diagram (33) will make it clear, if we remember that a lens can be considered as built up of parts of prisms, that the part at C belongs to a prism having the smallest apical angle and that at A to one having the greatest. Thus the ravs will come to a focus at F2, Flf and F respectively,