The advance of photography : its history and modern applications (1911)

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112 THE ADVANCE OF PHOTOGRAPHY at A B, and comes to a focus at F^ When the refracted beam of light crosses the axis P Q it will, of course, hit it in different points. If the figure be supposed to rotate through a small angle, we can see that the whole of the refracted pencil will pass through two lines at F1 and F2 which are perpendicular to one another. The line F2 is at right angles to the refracted beam of light, and forms the transverse section of it where it crosses the axis. Then F1 is called the first focal line and F2 the second focal line of the refracted beam of light. Now imagine the change in shape of the cross section of the beam between the lines F1 and F2 to be represented as follows : — Fig. 34. Oo Fig. 34a. and it will be seen that somewhere between the two the shape will be a circle. This circle is known as the circle of least confusion, and this forms the nearest approach