The advance of photography : its history and modern applications (1911)

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CAMERA APPLIANCES Early Form of Camera. — As the art of photography has become more and more popular, various kinds of cameras have been constructed, until now it is possible to obtain cameras specially adapted for practically every kind of photographic work. For the sake of comparison we here introduce, with the necessary description, the illustration of the camera which was in vogue when the first edition of this book appeared some forty years ago (1874). It will require but a glance at this illustration to see what great advances have been made in camera construction since that time. " The dark chamber is converted into a small box (Fig. 52), the back part of which lg" ° " is movable, and con tains a groundglass slide g. If the back of the camera o is moved to and fro, it is easy to find the exact situation of the image of an object placed before the lens I. In order to determine this distance with the necessary accuracy, photographic lenses are supplied with a rackwork motion r in the frame of the lens ; but this addition is by no means necessary/' The Pinhole Camera. — Before proceeding to discuss any of the more modern camera appliances, we will first direct our attention to that very simple piece of apparatus which, while being inexpensive, is still most effective in those cases in which one has unchanging conditions and unlimited