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CAMERA APPLIANCES
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not only can the front be raised or lowered, but the lens can be swung upwards and downwards if necessary. Added to all this it makes possible very large extensions on a relatively short and therefore more rigid base-board.
Hand Cameras. — Even more popular than the ordinary stand camera are the small cameras, which can be used either with or without a stand as desired. Such cameras are known by the general name " Hand Cameras."
This class of camera has been called into existence by the very rapid progress photography has made as a hobby among all classes of people, and the desire which has thus been established for obtaining photographs as mementoes of places of interest visited.
Hence the first consideration in the construction of the hand camera is usually the smallness of the space into which it can be packed. Some of the older forms of box cameras, by means of which much very good work has been and still is being done, have suffered somewhat on account of their bulkiness.
In such cameras the distance of the plates from the lens was so arranged that all objects beyond a relatively short distance could be considered as equally well in focus.
In some cases additional lenses completed the outfit, these lenses being required when the objects were at a less
Fig. 56.
The Camera front is here shown only in three different positions, but of course the front can be stopped at any point of the arc shown by arrow-heads, and at the same time can -be raised or lowered to any position within that arc.