The advance of photography : its history and modern applications (1911)

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158 THE ADVANCE OF PHOTOGRAPHY when being set or released. Lastly, so far as it is possible the movement of the shutter should be so arranged that the plate receives an evenly distributed illumination. Many of the shutters are regulated pneumatically, the principle of the system being a plunger fitted loosely within a cylinder so that there is a leak of air between the two. This cylinder is in connection with the parts causing the shutter to move ; the alterations of speed are, however, not made by altering the rate at which the air leaks out, but by the length of the travel in the cylinder. The slower the speed the longer the distance travelled. Some interesting work has recently been done on the testing of photographic shutters, for which the reader is referred to the original paper.1 1 Journal Phys. Hoc, Vol. xxi., 7, pp. 788 et seq.