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ASTRONOMICAL PHOTOGRAPHY 289
obtained a daguerreotype the beauty of which was much lauded, and which showed very well the remarkable phenomena that appear during an eclipse of the sun — flamelike formations that stand out from the darkened disc of the sun, called protuberances. In the year 1860, Warren de la Rue in England, and Secchi at Rome, undertook an expedition to Rivabellosa, in Spain, to observe the eclipse of the sun, and both obtained interesting views on collodion plates. In 1868, the government of the North German Confederation equipped an expedition to observe the eclipse of August 18th, and sent Dr Fritzsch, Messrs. Zencker, Tiele, and Vogel to take photographs. Another photographic expedition was sent out by the English Government to India. Besides these, the German, English, Austrian, and French Governments sent out expeditions for the ocular observation of the phenomenon.
The Photography of Solar Eclipses. — Obstacles were, no doubt, encountered by these expeditions, nevertheless they produced results that finally settled the question about the nature of the protuberances, and moreover gained experience that materially lessened the labour of subsequent photographic observers.
Aden was one of the points where the eclipse was first visible. As previously stated, England had also equipped a photographic expedition, which stationed itself at Guntoor in India. The eclipse was observed an hour later in India than at Aden. The same protuberances appeared in the Indian photographs as in those at Aden, but they present a very different form, which seems to show that these prominences are not compact bodies, but formations of a cloud-like nature ; and this supposition was converted into certainty by Jansen's observations with the spectroscope, made simultaneously.
Jansen showed that in a total eclipse the protuberances display bright lines in the spectroscope. As this is the property of gaseous bodies only, the question as to