The advance of photography : its history and modern applications (1911)

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RONTGEN-RAY PHOTOGRAPHY 349 is that its melting-point is very high, and that the sputtering so common with electrodes in vacuum tubes is reduced to a minimum when this metal is used. A modern form of Rontgen tube is shown in fig. 154. The electrodes marked + are the anodes, and it will be seen that, unlike ordinary vacuum tubes, there are two instead of only one of these on the main tube. It has been found in practice that the tube which is very frequently in use tends to become what is known as '; hard," that is, it becomes more difficult to obtain a supply of Fig. 154. Rontgen-rays from it, owing to the vacuum becoming higher as the work continues. These bianodic tubes are used in order to diminish this effect. It is perhaps better to speak of the target at which the kathode rays are shot, and the Rontgen-rays are generated, as the anti-kathode, and the other positive electrode as the anode. It will be seen from the figure that the anti-kathode shields the anode from bombardment by the kathode rays and thus helps to prevent its disintegration. The kathode ( — ) is made of aluminium The small vacuum tube at the top of the figure is an