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374 THE ADVANCE OF PHOTOGRAPHY
In this way an apparently moving scene is witnessed. This little piece of apparatus can be obtained in a much more elaborate form in which the reels carrying the photographs are operated by clockwork. The pictures in the Kinora can be viewed by day or night without employing any special form of illuminating apparatus. A reflecting mirror is supplied which projects the light into the apparatus. Stock reels of many interesting up-to-date events can be purchased for use in the kinora, just as one can obtain films for use with the Cinematograph.
M. Bull has invented an ultra-rapid cinematograph camera, by means of which clear-cut stereoscopic views may be obtained of such rapid movements as the flight of a fly.1 As already stated, in the ordinary cinematograph the motion of the film is jerk}r, and the same applies to the camera, the film being at rest for a relatively long period compared with the time during which it is in motion. This would be impossible if the rate at which the film moved across the field was extremely rapid, such as it is in the case of the ultra-rapid cinematograph, in which the mean speed of the film is somewhere about 130 feet per second. The movement of the film in such a case must be continuous, and a sharp image is obtained by means of an extremely short exposure, the electric spark being used for this purpose. Of course M. Bull has to arrange that the fly or other insect, the flight of which is to be studied, will pass across the field of view during the very short time exposures are being made. He has found no little difficulty in doing this, as some classes of insects do not move off the instant they are liberated, and so by the time they enter the field the exposure is over. By an ingenious contrivance by which the insect in its flight moves a minute mica door, thus setting in motion the mechanism operating the shutter, he has, however, overcome this difficulty.
1 An account of this appeared in La Nature, April 30, 1910.