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emulsions with normal color balance in the visible red require for this purpose exposure at practically full opening, at least if insufficient auxiliary lighting equipment is not on hand, and even then the average negative is slightly underexposed and must correspondingly be printed in the lower range of fhe printing scale. The results, therefore, lack sufficient contrast and shadow detail and are quite often characterized by an undesirable grayness in the print, termed, in the language of the cameraman, "mushy."
The first emulsion types sensitized for Infra-Red were still sensitive to greenyellow, orange and visible red and, therefore, also required heavier filters, absorbing light rays between violet-blue and lighter red. They permitted fully exposed negatives because of their increased sensitivity toward the red end of the visible spectrum and the beginning of the Infra-Red band. They were, however, far too contrasty for use in general production shots and particularly for photographing closeups.
Neither the panchromatic nor earlier Infra-Red types would render satisfactory results when photographing in a dead backlight or an overcast sky due to the fact that in both instances red rays reflected from the sky portion which makes it impossible to obtain a negative yielding a black sky in the print, which is the primary essential to an illusion of a night effect.
The latest Type B negative introduced by Agfa Ansco, and which created so much interest, showed a special improvement over former types in the following instances:
The excessive contrast has been reduced to that of commonly available panchromatic types, and the shadow speed has been decidedly increased.
These changes extended the scope of this material for the specific reason that the normal contrast and increased shadow speed permitted application of this type in general production, including any type of closeups. Both improvements also resulted in an increase of latitude over former types and thus supplied a desirable protection for the cameraman and his exposure calculations.
However, this type, naturally, will show the same limitations as mentioned above, and therefore, to obtain desirable results it is absolutely necessary to take them fully into consideration when planning to photograph night effects in the daytime.
Another important improvement represented by both A and B Agfa InfraRed negative consists of a thoroughly reliable keeping quality. We know of tests made on Infra-Red Type B by a major studio whereby two emulsions of this type, which have been manufactured four months apart were sensitometrically and pictorially compared. The result proved that both emulsions were practically identical in speed and gradation regardless of the difference in age. It will be remembered that former Infra-Red types had to be kept on ice to even render uniform speed and contrast over a period of 60 days from the manufacturing date.
We have found in some cases that cameramen who were accustomed to apply panchromatic film types for photographing night effects in the daytime
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