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Time and Temperature rs
The Test System for Neyative tPereiopment
By Irving Millard
Night Superintendent, Cinema Laboratories , Ltd.
A LT hough the laboratory processing of pictorial motion picture negative film has to a certain extent been standardized in recent years by the imposed limitations of composite sound and picture printing, there still exists a considerable difference of opinion as to the best methods to employ within those limitations to produce uniformity of contrast and density and at the same time to obtain in the developed negative the fullest measure of the artistic and dramatic effects created by the cinematographer. In general, there are in use today two basically different methods of negative development, each of which has its advantages and advocates and, inevitably, its disadvantages and its opponents.
These methods are the “time-andtemperature" method and the so-called “test system" of development.
The present article is not intended as a vehicle for partisan arguments for or against either of these systems.
hut instead to serve the more useful purpose of providing a convenient summary of the facts regarding each, together with an impartial discussion of features which under practical conditions have been found to be assets and weaknesses of each.
77 meA nd-T emperature
Under t h e time-and-temperature system, negative is processed day by day at an established time of development. in solutions maintained at a constant and favorable temperature.
Solution control is generally exercised with the aid of sensitometric and visual solution film tests processed at regular intervals. Uniformity of solution strength is maintained by chemical manipulation.
Specifications established by experience as representing the most desirable standards for the proper development of normally-exposed negatives are rigidly observed. This system therefore offers the cameraman a theoretically
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