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20 AMATEUR MOVIE MAKING
millimeter gauge Pathescope and Victor Safety film. These films were made less than standard width, not for the sake of economy, but to insure that only "safety" or slow burning film could be used in the projectors provided. The Pathescope film had the usual four perforations on one side of each frame but along the opposite edge of the film there was a single perforation placed exactly opposite the frame line. This was used to provide automatic framing. These films were used principally as "library" films, although several cameras were sold for use with this film.
16 Millimeter Film. — Time after time, efforts were made to bring out a successful amateur film, but these met with only questionable success until not many years ago the Eastman Company announced the 16 millimeter amateur film and the accompanying apparatus. The aggressive advertising campaign of the Eastman Company placed the new 16 millimeter film upon a firm basis. Almost immediately after this the Pathe Company of Paris brought out their amateur film which, while it had the same frequency, namely forty to the foot, was considerably narrower, namely 9% millimeters. The difference in gauge was due to the difference in perforation, the Pathe film lacking the wide perforation bands on the sides of the actual picture space.
This substandard film gained favor slowly, and it must have failed miserably had it not had the support of such financially strong organizations as Eastman and Bell & Howell who actually fought financial losses in the production of their apparatus. To-day, amateur cinematography has been proven. It is accepted as a necessary part of American life. Naturally new equipment is jumping into the fore, but the leading instruments are those made by the first three companies who made apparatus when the first 16 millimeter film was introduced, these are Bell & Howell, Eastman and Victor. All three are old established firms. Bell & Howell made professional motion picture cameras, and established the first motion picture mechanical standards. Eastman is the world's pre-eminent manufacturer of photographic supplies while Victor is known wherever lantern slides and lantern slide projections are used. To