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AMATEUR MOVIE MAKING 49
to which the pointer on the diaphragm collar directed. All other exposures and apertures will then be lined up opposite each other on the first and second ring. "The four available basic observation-time figures are distinguished on the second or time ring by a diamond for easier placement.
Never point to the source of light, but only to the objects which you intend to photograph. If necessary, make readings from close proximity, bringing the important section alone into the range of the instrument, neglecting the unimportant and incidental background, etc., although it may appear in the picture. Under brilliant white or bluish light, arc light, Kliegl Lights, Cooper Hewitt Light, time and make the exposure as you would in daylight. The actinic value of these lights is well within the practical latitude of the exposure-meter.
The exposure-meters are not designed to permit the making of two separate determinations upon one and the same object with the instrument changed from one setting to the next, for instance, from the 1/5 setting to the 4 setting. Between the different settings allowance has to be made for the accommodation of the eye to varying intensities of light. If a measurement can be made with the instrument in the 1/25 position, the reading must be taken at the 1/25 setting and not at the 1/5 setting. The instrument should not be altered to the next larger time figure unless it remains invisible or becomes visible only at the full aperture of the diaphragm, i. e., at the f 4.5 or 4.
Movie cameras have a conventionally fixed speed. The normal and usual frequency of exposure is 16 frames per second, both for recording and projection. The average opening in the circular shutter-disc is about a half sector or 180 degrees. Each of the 16 individual frames receives, therefore, an exposure of about 1/32 second. For practical Work and more convenient comparison with the conventional stop numbers, this may be rounded out to 1/35 second.
The time fraction 1/35 on the second ring is distinguished by a very prominent black arrowhead.
Set the iris diaphragm on the motion picture camera to