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AMATEUR MOVIE MAKING 101
lighting. This is secured by having the light coming from directly behind the camera. This is known as flat lighting for a reason which Ave shall see. In the consideration of exterior lighting we considered a more or less diffuse light, but now that we are dealing with highly concentrated lights, we may well consider a few more details of lighting as a delineator of form.
We determine form as outline and contour. If we could perceive outline only, a sphere would appear to us as a flat disc. It is evident therefore that the play of light and shadow which was mentioned in the preceding chapter is a thing of considerable importance. To fully understand this place a sphere, such as a celluloid ball or similar object upon a support and illuminate this with a spot light. Better effects will be secured if this ball is white in color.
We will at once perceive the outline which is circular. Moreover we will notice a spot of intense highlight on one part of the ball. This spot marks the point at which the rays of light emanating from the light source are reflected to the eye. As we move, the position of this point changes, so we see that its position is established by the positions of both light and camera (or the eye). From this spot the surface of the sphere becomes progressively darker, giving an appearance of roundness. This appearance naturally depends upon this gradation of the light tone, therefore :
The quality of any photograph, moving or still, depends upon the preservation of the tonal quality of the original.
Incidentally this requires an exposure which very closely approximates the correct exposure.
Now if we stick a lump of modelling wax upon the surface of this ball, we at once get a sharp cast shadow upon the surface of the ball and a second series of graded tones upon the lighted surface of this wax. These two things at once tell us the approximate shape of the wax lump in a manner which is easily reproduced in our photograph. Therefore :
Photographic representation of form is secured by reproduction of both cast shadows and graduated tones.