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AMATEUR MOVIE MAKING 229
paratively slow process, so that when two pieces of celluloid are placed under pressure with celluloid solvent between the pieces, the surfaces of the celluloid strips are softened and the pressure forces them together, in a way actually welding the two pieces together. Then, as the film solvents are extremely volatile, this phase is followed almost instantly by a re-hardening or "setting" of the celluloid. Thus we see, that film patching must be carefully done. All emulsion must be removed from the surface of the celluloid which is to receive the cement. This means that an efficient method of cleansing must be employed. The old razor blade, especially in the hands of the novice, tore the film or wore it too thin before all the emulsion was removed. Machine work means the removal of all emulsion with a minimum amount of celluloid being removed. Then, it is also evident that considerable pressure must be applied instantly and simultaneously to all parts of the joint. This too is provided by machine work. For this reason film will break in a fresh place before a machine joint will pull loose, while the hand patches of the novice often pull apart before the film is projected. This is due to the fact that uniform and instant pressure is not applied as soon as the cement is laid on the film. As a result the film is held together not in a firm, unyielding joint, but merely by a few spots of surface adhesion.
The hand patch can be made when desired. In this case a diagonal cut may be made if preferred, as it will distribute the strain between an entire and a patched perforation. The film is cut from a point midway between two perforations to a similar point between the next two perforations on the opposite side of the film. The adjoining film end is cut to match this. Thus when the two films are laid, one upon the other, with the perforations matching there will be an overlap equivalent to one frame. This may be trimmed down to half this width if desired, but not less. The emulsion is scraped from the lower film by the use of an old razor blade. The emulsion must be entirely removed, yet care must be taken not to weaken the physical body of the film too much. When this is done, cement is applied to the lower film end, and the other piece which