Amateur Photographer & Cinematographer (1934)

rm AMATEUR PHOTOORAPhlER p 6 CINEMATOGRAPHER o which a photographic image in relief in bichromated gelatine was caused by enormous pressure to indent a sheet of lead, forming a permanent negative) was patented in July, 1866, and the invention came into general use in England and America. Before his death (which occurred in 18S5 as the result of an overdose of laudanum) Woodbury took out over twenty patents for photo-mechanical print¬ ing processes, and for apparatus. In 1885 a fund had been started to enable him to develop his “ stannotype ” process. Among the Head-Hunters. The recent Oxford University expedition to Borneo, which went out at a cost of £2,500 to make a detailed survey of Central Sarawak, and especially to discover the unique flora and fauna of the Borneo mountains, brought back six hun¬ dred good photographic negatives. The official photographer of the expedition used two cameras — a quarter-plate and a 2|X3| in. — with backed panchromatic plates. Two other members of the party had roll-film cameras. Developing was done on the spot. Drying was July 4th, 1934 found to be a difficulty, many negatives being injured by dust and foreign matter in the air, and the films had to be hung (securely fixed against the wind) for twentyfour hours in the roof rafters of the camp. In the open, f/i6 was formd best ; mountain views on clear days required second at f/ii, with heavy filter, and on misty days one to two seconds at f/i6 ; and in the rain-forest six to ten seconds at f/22. The work was carried out amid such distractions as leech-bites, a plague of sandflies, and an occasional contact with snakes. The A mateur Photographer” EXPOSURE TABLE—JULY EVERY MONTH a brief exposure table will be provided for the assistance of our readers in their practical work. A glance at the current approximate exposures as here given will serve as a reliable guide for most purposes. The subjects will be varied to suit the time of year. The following exposures will serve as a working guide for any fine day during the month, between the hours of 10 in the morning and 2 in the afternoon, with the sun shining, but not necessarily on the subject. Stop used, f/8. The exposure should be doubled if the sun is obscured or if stop f/ii is used. For f/i6 give four times the exposure. For f/5.6 give half. From 8 to 10 a.m. or from 2 to 4 p.m., double these exposures. From 6 to 8 a.m. or from 4 to 6 p.m., treble them. From 5 to 6 a.m. or from 6 to 8 p.m., about four times these exposures will be required. N.B, — The times given above are by ** sun time,*’ The exposures, therefore, which are laid down as suitable for z to ^ p.m., for instance, will be those to be given between 3 and 5 p,m. by the clock, during “ summer time.” Subject. Ordinary. Medium. Rapid. Extra Rapid. Ultra Rapid. Open seascapes and cloud studies . . 1/40 sec. 1/60 sec. 1/120 sec. 1/160 sec. 1/200 sec. Open landscapes with no very heavy shadows in foreground, shipping studies or seascapes with rocks, beach scenes . . 1/25 „ 1/40 1/75 y y 1/100 yy 1/125 yy Ordinary landscapes with not too much foliage, open river scenery, figure studies in the open, light buildings, wet street scenes 1/18 „ 1/30 y y 1/50 yy 1/70 y y 1/90 yy Landscapes in fog or mist, or with strong foreground, well-lighted street scenes . . 1/10 „ 1/15 »» 1/30 y y 1/40 y y 1/50 yy Buildings or trees occupying greater portion of pictures, river scenes with heavy foliage 1/2 „ 1/12 y y 1/25 y y 1/30 y y 1/40 y y Portraits or groups taken out of doors, not too much shut in by buildings . . 1/2 „ 1/3 y y 1/6 y y 1/8 yy 1/10 yy Portraits in well-lighted room, light sur¬ roundings, big window, white reflector . . 3 secs. 2 secs. 1 y y 3/4 yy 1/2 yy As a further guide we append a list of some of the best known makes of plates and films on the market. They have been divided into groups, which approximately indicate the speeds referred to above. The hypersensitive panchromatic plates and films require less exposure than the ultra-rapid. Ultra Rapid. Agfa, Special Portrait. „ Super Pan. Film. „ Super-speed Film. „ Isochrom Film. „ Ultra Special. Barnet, Press and Super Press. „ XL Super-speed Ortho. „ Soft Panchromatic, „ Studio Fast. „ Ultra Rapid. Criterion, Enelite. Eastman, Par Speed Cut Film. „ S.S. Cut Film. „ S.S. Pan. Film, Gevaert, Super Sensima. „ Sensima Fast. „ Sensima Ortho, „ Super Chromosa. „ Roll Films and Packs. Haufp, Ultra Rapid. „ Ulcroma. „ Ultra Roll Film and Pack. Herzog, OrthoIsodux Film Pack. Ilford, Golden Iso-Zenith. „ Iso-Zenith. „ Hypersensitive Pan. Plates and Films. „ Portrait Film Ortho Fast). „ Monarch. „ Press. „ S.S. Ex. Sens. „ Zenith Ex. Sens, „ S.G. Pan. Illingworth, Fleet. „ Super Fleet. „ Super Fleet Ortho. „ Pan. Fleet. Imperial, S.S.S. Press Ortho. „ Eclipse. „ Eclipse Ortho Soft. „ Eclipse Soft. „ Eclipse Ortho. ,, Eclipse Pan. Soft. Kodak, Verichrome Film. Marion, Record. „ Iso Record. Selo, Selochrome Roll Film and Film Pack. ,, Selo. Pan. Roll Film. Standard, Film. Wellington, Antr-screen. ,, X Press. Zeiss Ikon, Pemox Roll Film and Packs. Extra Rapid. Agfa, Chromo, „ „ Isolar. ,, Extra Rapid. ,, Isolar. „ Iso Rapid, „ „ ,, Chromo. „ Roll Film. Barnet, S.R. Pan. ,, Studio Ortho. Criterion, Iso E.R. „ Portrait. „ Roll Film. „ Special E.R. Ensign, Roll Film. Gevaert, Filtered Ortho. ,, Chromosa. „ S.R. „ Regular Cut Film. Hauff, Analo-Flavin. „ Extra Rapid. „ E.R. Ortho. „ Rol' Film and Pack. Ilford, Auto. Filter. „ S.R. Pan. „ Pan. Film. „ Rapid Chromatic. Imperial, Non-filter (new series). ,, Eclipse Pan. B. „ S.S. Ortho. Kodak, Roll Film and Film Pack. Pathe, Roll Film. Selo, Roll Film. Zeiss Ikon, Roll Film and Film Pack. Rapid. Barnet, S.R. „ Self-screen Ortho. Criterion, Extra Rapid. Hauff, Ortho Anti-Halo. Ilford, Screened Chromatic. „ S.R. „ Commercial Ortho Film. Imperial, Non-Filter, „ S.R. „ S.R. Ortho. Kodak, Cut Film. Lumiere, Extra Rapide. „ Instantan^e. „ Pelliculaire. Medium. Ilford, Empress. „ Chromatic. Ordinary. Barnet, Ordinary. Criterion, Ordinary. „ Ordinary Iso. Gevaert, Ordinary. Ilford, Ordinary „ Rapid Process Pan. Imperial, Ordinary. „ Pan. Process. 6 2