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144 AMATEUR TALKING PICTURES
One point which we must stress is that the length of film running before the sound gate and between the exciter lamp and the photo-electric cell is moving continuously, and not in jerks as before the ordinary picture gate. More than this, it is of paramount importance that the film between the normal take-up sprocket and the "movietone" sprocket moves with perfect uniformity and freedom from all types of fluctuation. A little thought will indicate that the movement of this part of the film corresponds to the turning of a gramophone record. To this end various attachments are provided for damping vibration and the like, and it is common to fit the movietone sprocket with a heavy flywheel. In some apparatus the movietone sprocket is very similar in construction to the usual sprocket wheels encountered in projectors. In others, notably the R.C.A. to be described later, it consists of a plain drum, the idea being to prevent that slight jerkiness usually associated with toothed wheels.
R.C.A. Photophone Portable 16 mm. Sound-on-Film Projector. Much of the pioneer work of the professional talking picture was carried out by the Radio Corporation of America and associated companies. It is not surprising, therefore, that this same company was one of the earliest to introduce the 16 mm. or nontheatrical sound-on-film projector.
The equipment itself consists of two units in case form which are shown together in Fig. 70. One of these contains the projector and amplifier, and appears in the foreground of the photograph. It is 14J in. long, 13J in. high, and 8 J in. wide, and weighs 43 lb. The other case contains the loud speaker, and is 19 in. long, 16 in. high, and 9 J in. wide, and weighs only 21 lb. Space is provided in this case for the storage of 8 reels of film of 400 ft. length. It will be gathered immediately that for portability this equipment compares very favourably with some of the sound-on-disc equipments already dealt with. It may appear somewhat strange that in this, the most modern development of amateur talking pictures, the amplifier has been kept close to the projector and not placed with the loud speaker, as appears to be the tendency with the disc equipment. The reason is that the