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152 AMATEUR TALKING PICTURES
from standard 35 mm. subjects are printed on to the new type of 16 mm. film having only one set of perforations and with the sound track at the edge of the film.
At the time of writing the general tendency in the production of 16 mm. soundon-film is always to re-record, from 35 mm. film. Frequently the process of re-recording takes place by optical means after the style of the reduction of standard size film to 16 mm., though naturally much greater care has to be expended. The advantage of this process for 16 mm. soundon-film is that we get the reversed effect of a photographic enlargement. In other words, since we are reducing, the sharpness of the resultant sound track is greater than in the original.
Ordinary standard size sound-on-film runs at a speed of 24 pictures a second, which corresponds to 90 ft. per minute ; 16 mm. sound-on-film also runs at 24 pictures per second, but this amounts only to 36 ft. per minute. As we explained earlier the range of sound frequencies obtainable is in a great measure proportional to film speed. Thus we cannot expect the quality of reproduction from 16 mm. film run at a speed of 24 pictures per second to be equal to that of the larger size film. This must be taken as a condemnation of 16 mm. sound-on-film which will eventually reign supreme as the amateur talking picture equipment. At the present moment it is perfectly certain that the quality of reproduction from 16 mm. sound-on-film running at a speed of 24 pictures per second is not equal to that given by discs. That this should be so is obvious, since for 16 mm., or 9-5 mm. film for that matter, we employ exactly the same discs as were used for standard size films, and thus get exactly the same quality of sound. In the case of sound-on-film, however, we have to make a smaller and thus limited sound track by optically reducing from 35 mm. to 16 mm. We get a better quality sound track, which partly makes up for the lack of speed of the films. As time goes on the quality of sub-standard sound-on-film will improve, as it did with the professional side.
While mentioning disc reproduction it should be pointed out that the R.C.A. junior portable can be supplied with an extension shaft, so that a synchronous turntable may be