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204 AMATEUR TALKING PICTURES
This process was developed in this country by the Standard Kine Laboratories, and can be explained by reference to Fig. 89, where we see illustrated diagrammatically three strips of film (A), (B), and (C). That at (A) has been photographed at 24 pictures per second, and the illustration shows "one second " length of film. In compressing we block out every third frame as at (B), which gives us the final result as at (C), where we find the length of film has now been reduced by one-third, which gives us 16 pictures for one second — silent speed.
It might be thought that this elimination of every third frame might cause the picture to be somewhat jerky in projection. However, it is rarely possible to detect that anything of this nature has actually taken place, although a little consideration will show that the time interval between pictures, say, 2 and 4 in (C) is one-twelfth of a second approximately, and not one twenty-fourth.
This process was developed in the early days when silent films still held vogue in cinema theatres, although the big film companies has ceased to produce other than talking pictures at 24 a second. It enabled the 24 a second films to be printed down to 16 a second when they were used for silent purposes.
In passing it may be mentioned that a film taken at 16 a second can be "stretched" to 24 a second by simply printing every third picture twice This is the reverse of the process given above, and can be employed when an old type silent film is to be synchronized with sound at 24 per second.
Taking into consideration the above points, it would seem a better way for amateur sound-on-disc to be run at the old silent speed of 16 per second, which can be obtained by a mechanical process of printing. It is possible that this speed may even yet be standardized, although it does not seem probable. In the equipments it will be remembered in most instances that the projector could run at the speed of 16 or 24 per second, while the turntable was rotating at a speed of either 78 or 33 J r.p.m. This means that owners of such equipment need not worry whether for amateur sound-on-disc 24 or 16 pictures per second are eventually decided upon.