American cinematographer (Jan-Dec 1926)

T\vontv AMERICAN CINEM ATOGR APHER June, 192G 1 1 !onl inued from Page I 7 ) the trick effects mentioned in the first paragraphs of this paper. Animated cartoons and diagrams are made by means of the trick crank and are, of course, trick photography. Nevertheless, in cine nomenclature animated diagrams and cartoons are a classification separate from that of trick photography and, while most of the devices used by the animated cartoonist are also used in trick photography, the subject is too large to be treated in this paper. To those interested in the subject I refer them to the very able volume by E. G. Lutz, entitled "Animated Cartoons," published by Scribners. The difference in time condensation and trick crank work is in the interval of the timing. In time condensation the interval is predetermined by the length of time in which it is expedient to show the resulting film. In trick crank work the successive phases of movement are artificially produced between exposure intervals so that inanimate objects may appear to be endowed with automotive powers. The time of exposure interval is therefore dependent on the time necessary to arrange the subjects into the successive phases of the simulated action. Every move of every joint and limb of the prehistoric animals in "The Lost World" had to be thought out beforehand and a calculation of the amount of movement which would occur in each succeeding phase of one sixteenth of a second if the model were an actual animal with the bulk of several elephants. Reverse Order Fifth, reverse camera, or the showing of the series pictures of a motion analysis in reverse order. The effects produced by this method are too well known to describe them. Mattes Sixth, simple devices or attachments used mainly to alter the size and shape of the screen opening. These consist of masks or mattes of opaque or translucent material which either vignette the edges of the picture or produce silhouetted openings to enhance the illusion of scenes which are supposed to be observed through an archway, a keyhole, a telescope, binoculars or other familiar orifice. Previous papers presented before the Society describe these devices in detail. Stop Motion Seventh, stop camera and substitute which is one of the oldest and most familiar of trick devices. It was and is used mainly for magic appearances and disappearances. It consists in stopping the action and camera simultaneously and placing or removing the objects which are to appear or disappear. Eighth, the fade and dissolve. This is similar to stop camera but is a gradual instead of an abrupt change. It is produced by diminishing the exposure to zero and then running the film back to the commencement of the reduced exposure and fading in or increasing the second exposure at the rate as the previous one was reduced, thus giving full exposure to objects which remained in the scene during the fade in and out, but gradually introducing or extinguishing the image undergoing the magical change. Multiple Exposure Ninth, double or multiple exposure. By this device dual roles can be played by a single actor. It consists of masking off a portion of the picture frame and making one exposure, then winding the film back to the beginning GOERZ Negative Raw Stock Now Key Numbered MORE GRADATION; MORE DEFINITION; NO GRAIN SOLE DISTRIBUTORS: Fish-Schurtnan Corporation 45 West 45th Street New York City 1050 Cahuenga Avenue Hollywood, Cal. IN CANADA: JOHN A. CHANTLER & CO. 200 Bay Street, Toronto, Ont. Roy Davidge Film Laboratories The Little Laboratory with the Big Reputation 6701 SANTA MONICA BLVD. HOLLYWOOD 1944 IfALTEHlVANRpSSEM 6049 Hollywood 51vd. Phone Holly 725 GOMMEROAL PHOTOGRAPHY Still Developing and Printing fcHoiaCaraaas-FOR. RENT— Still