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A Reflection-type Meter For
MAKING INCIDENT-LIGHT READINGS
By KARL FREUND, A.S.C
SPEAKING broadly, the modern photoelectric exposure-meter is undoubtedly one of the most valuable photographic accessories developed during recent years. But insofar as the studio cinematographer is concerned, it ' seems equally clear that these meters have not yet attained their greatest usefulness for the simple reason that no meter has yet been designed to meet the specific requirements of studio cinematography.
It is well recognized among members of the camera profession — even if not by the meter designers — that the studio Hi rector of Photography does not require an exposure-meter in the ordinary
sense of the term. Neither does he require, as so many of these designers alternatively think, a conventional footcandle meter to measure the total brightness of the illumination falling on a given subject. What he does require is a precision light-measuring instrument of great selectivity, by means of which he can measure the intensity of the light reaching his subject from a single light-source — the key light — to which he can thereafter balance the rest of his lighting visually.
Obviously, for this purpose the conventional meter and meter-using technique of taking a reflected-light reading, either an overall reading of the scene
as a whole, or a slightly more selective reading of the subject's face alone, i* valueless.
Therefore the majority of us have developed individualized, but basically similar methods of using conventional meters for incident-light readings. In some studios, General Electric meters are used, with or without special hoods and reducing apertures to reduce the light received to a conveniently usable amount. In many other instances, individual cinematographers have made their own reducing apertures, which vary so greatly that in some cases the readings used by individual cinematographers in the same studio bear no fixed relation to
158
April, 1941
American Cinematograph™